Present Perfect
Definition
The
present perfect tense is used to describe the actions that are completed in the
present. The actions may start in the past and continued until the present
time.
Formula / Structure
The formula for
affirmative, negative and question sentences is given here.
Affirmative Sentences
Formula for
affirmative sentences.
Subject
+ has/have + past participle(V3) + object
He/She/It
+ has + past
participle(verb-3)+obj
I/We/They/You
+ have + past participle
Examples
They
have performed the duty.
Kohima
has done her work.
- have They performed the
duty?
- Has She
not informed me about her
decision.
Negative Sentences
Subject
+ has/have + not + past participle(V3) + object
Examples
- They have
not performed the duty.
- She has
not informed me about her decision.
Interrogative Sentences
Has/have
+ subject + past participle(V3) + object + ?
Examples
- Have they performed the duty?
- Has she informed me about her
decision?
Examples
Affirmative
Sentences
- He has
spilt milk.
- I have
visited Paris three times.
- Ram has
taken her meal in the afternoon.
- The
court has given its verdict today.
- Jimmy has
attended the business meeting.
- The
chef has cooked the meal.
- She has
been at work since 6 a.m.
- I have
learned my lesson.
- I have
drunk two cups of coffee today.
- He has
stopped responding to my emails.
Rules / Usage
|
Rules/Usage |
Example |
|
To show the work
that is recently completed. |
She has just
baked the cake. |
|
For a specific
moment of time. |
I have lived in
this city since 2011. |
|
How long actions continued? |
He has had a
pup for two years |
|
To express the time
period |
They have
been at duty for 8 hours. |
|
To describe the
finished or completed actions. |
He has taken the
exam today. |
|
Announcement in
media |
The
corona-virus has damaged the economy of the world. |
Negative
Sentences
- He has
not spilt milk.
- I have
not visited Paris three times.
- Roshana has
not taken her meal in the afternoon.
- The
court has not given its verdict today.
- Jimmy has
not attended the business meeting.
- The
chef has not cooked the meal.
- She has
not been at work since 6 a.m.
- I have
not learned my lesson.
- I have
not drunk two cups of coffee today.
- He has
not stopped responding to my emails..
Interrogative
Sentences
- Has he spilt milk?
why has he spilt milk ?
- Have I visited Paris three times?
with whom have I visited the paris three times?
How many times have
I visited Paris?
- Has Roshana taken her meal in the
afternoon?
When has Roshan taken his meal ?
- Has the court given its verdict today?
why Has the court given its verdict today?
- Has Jimmy attended the business
meeting?
with whom has
Jimmy attended the business meeting?
- Has the chef cooked the meal?
where has the chef
cooked the meal?
- Has she been at work since 6 a.m.?
why has she been at work since 6 am?
- Have I learned my lesson?
when have I learned my lesson?
- Have I drunk two cups of coffee
today?
when have I drunk two cups of coffee ?
- Has he stopped responding to my email?
- why Has he stopped responding to
my email ?
12. Exercises
1. He _______________ to the office. (not come)
2. Jimmy _______________ a bike since 2018. (has)
3. I ________________ this novel twice. (read)
4. Snake charmer ______________ bagpipe in his
hand. (has)
5. Who _______________ you? (deceived)
6. I _______________ at home for three months.
(stay)
7. The company ______________ a bonus salary for
its employees. (announce)
8. He _______________ off the stairs. (fall)
9. Tom _______________ some flowers. (plant)
10.
The sales manager
______________ the target of sales for this quarter. (achieve)
Answers
1. He has not come to the
office.
2. Jimmy has had a bike since
2018.
3. I have read this novel twice.
4. Snake charmer has had bagpipe
in his hand.
5. Who has deceived you?
6. I have stayed at home for
three months.
7. The company has announced a
bonus salary for its employees.
8. He has fallen off the stairs.
9. Tom has planted some flowers.
10.
The sales
manager has achieved the target of sales for this quarter.
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